Junior Seminar class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Junior Seminar class - Essay Example l Wild Animals made up 58.3% of the creatures included, Real Domesticated Animals comprised of 8.3% of the creatures highlighted, Fantasy Wild Animals comprised of the creatures highlighted, and Fantasy Domesticated Animals made up 25.0% of the creatures included. The magazine was comprised of 62 pages which implies that there was a creature included for each 5 magazine pages. It is additionally intriguing to take note of that with the exception of the flying creature, no other creature was included twice in the magazine. Different creatures highlighted incorporate the Marine Iguana, Wild Tortoise, Ocelot, Crab, Sea Lion, Elephant, Shark, Monkey, Crocodile, Water Buffalo, and the Horse. Given the idea of the measurements taken from these information, it tends to be construed that the distribution puts an attention on nature and its components in view of the high pace of creatures highlighted in it. The general public may likewise be required to be a nature adoring one in view of the accentuation set on fascinating animals. It might likewise be noticed that an incredible level of significance is put on the creatures due to the ads and articles made that include

Role of ECOWAS union in the socio-economic development of West Africa Essay

Job of ECOWAS association in the financial advancement of West Africa - Essay Example f the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has helped or thwarted the monetary advancement of the nations in West Africa, with specific spotlight on the financial states of the populaces in those nations. In West Africa, ECOWAS has the accompanying part nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. This structure was set up to advance â€Å"cooperation and integration† prompting a monetary association in West Africa â€Å"in request to increase the living expectations of its peoples† (ECOWAS site, 2011). A Pan-African inclination is likewise apparent in that the aim to advance advancement and improvement all in all landmass is expressly expressed. For a typical market to happen; territorial financial change would need to occur; combination especially in food, agribusiness and normal assets was viewed as essential. Besides the foundation of a typical market through progression of exchange among West African States was imagined. A significant part of the ECOWAS activity is likewise to guarantee a typical outer levy and exchange strategy as to third nations, outside this activity. Also, an expressed expectation in the ECOWAS changed settlement is to advance â€Å"balanced development† and an emphasis on the â€Å"special issues of every Member State especially those of land-bolted and little island Member States† (ECOWAS site, 2011).Thus the goal is to improve ways of life, improve Gross Domestic Product (GDP), improve Per-Capita Income (PCI) and for the most part improve West Africa’s exchanging position a worldwide economy for the residents of this whole area (ECOWAS site, 2011). This has not occurred. The elites †both inside... This exposition presents a cutting edge exhaustive investigation of the condition of economies of West Africa nations, that take an interest in the ECOWAS association, their political positions, and their exchange arrangements. The world economy and West Africa’s part in it will be analyzed in this paper. In West Africa, ECOWAS has the accompanying part nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cã'te d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. This structure was set up to advance participation and reconciliation prompting a monetary association in West Africa . A Pan-African inclination is additionally obvious in that the aim to advance advancement and improvement all in all mainland is expressed. The foundation of a typical market through progression of exchange among West African States was imagined. A significant part of the ECOWAS activity is additionally to guarantee a typical outer duty and exchange strategy with respect to third nations, outside this activity Financial and political force on a worldwide stage keeps on being focused in Europe and North America. There has been no genuine change in the universal financial force relations after the Colonial Era, in spite of the development of Asian economies. The connection between West Africa and the focal monetary forces is exceptionally impacted by history, and furthermore by current political conditions in the nations of the district. Regardless of organized commerce understandings between the nations of West Africa, flourishing isn't quickly, or maybe even in the drawn out reachable.

How to Measure and Optimize Brand Awareness

How to Measure and Optimize Brand Awareness Brand awareness â€" as the term suggests is all about creating ‘awareness’ of a brand to make sure that the consumers know that it exists, and its products and services are available for sale. It is very important in promoting products. In commodity-related product markets, brand awareness decides the amount of sales that a product will make. Therefore, highly recognized brands thrive competitively in the market.Creating brand awareness is just the next step after creating a strong brand, which is very important these days for businesses to stay on top of the market. Hence, brand awareness measures how famous a brand is within its target audience. © Shutterstock.com | My Life GraphicIn this article, we will explore brand awareness starting with 1) why you need to create brand awareness, and going then to describe 2) measuring brand awareness and 3) optimizing brand awareness.WHY DO YOU NEED TO CREATE BRAND AWARENESS?A strong brand is an essential element of your business behind its slogans and logo. Strong branding and brand awareness strategies are crucial to developing a long term standing in the market. Here are some reasons why brand awareness is important for a business:Brand Equity: Equity is a brand’s value beyond its physical assets such as equipment and buildings. Brand awareness is a key factor in developing brand equity. The more people know about your brand, the more they will associate with it, the higher your reputation will be and the greater your overall brand value will be.Social Impact: Businesses develop social impact through creating awareness about their brand in the market. This social impact helps peo ple to spread positive word of mouth about the brand and perceive the brand’s importance in their lives. In this way, the brand begins symbolizing their lifestyle choices, taste, or habits.Customer loyalty: In order for a business to sustain, it is important to retarget the converted consumers and enable them to come back and make purchases rather than targeting new clients, which can be very costly. Brand awareness plays a key role in enabling repeat sales or sustaining old clients through developing their loyalty towards your brand. For instance, if a business follows up on a client through satisfaction surveys, promotions and newsletters after the sale has been made, it will increase a customer’s loyalty towards the brand and result in increased future sales.Capturing lost leads: Brand awareness can capture lost leads. A consumer might drop the idea of purchasing a brand or might prefer the products and services of the competitors for any reason. Through retargeting, business es can reconnect with these kinds of lost leads and encourage them to make a purchase. The existing brand familiarity of the retargeted group can be leveraged along with an incentive such as discount, offers to make sales.Saves marketing costs: Brand awareness comprises of aided recall and unaided recall research. Aided recall research approaches the customers and asks them about their associations, awareness, and thoughts relating a particular brand whereas unaided recall research seeks to know the perceptions of the consumers regarding different brands of a particular product, such as Home Décor brands or Car brands.This data helps marketing departments to create strategies and to find whether they should invest in targeting new customers or work towards retaining their old clients. Therefore, it can greatly save marketing costs. Moreover, executives can use brand awareness metrics to report to stakeholders, shareholders, the board, or the CEO in order to plan growth and break in to new consumer markets.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]MEASURING BRAND AWARENESSBrand awareness is extremely difficult to measure. However, internet and technology has simplified numerous aspects of brand awareness measurement through online tools. Overall, a business should be aware of its brand’s engagement levels, impressions, and overall reach while measuring its brand awareness. Below is a list of metrics and tools to measure the brand awareness of your company.Apply Reach MetricsReach is defined as the number of people who found your business through an online source and went through your online content. Whereas impressions refer to the number of people who went through your brand advertisement through retargeting campaigns, social media ads or paid advertising. Engagement comprises of numerous factors such as crowd sourcing participation, participation in discussion forums or contests, comments, social media sharing, etc. Here are some forms of data that can help a business measure its brand awareness:Search keywordsI f an online user places a search using your brand name, then it is obvious that they are aware of your brand. Does your business track search keywords? You should start doing it so that you know how many people are aware of your brand.Social mentions and analyticsWorld Wide Web is loaded with online tools that help businesses to measure their social mentions and analytics. Social mentions provide you with information on how many times your business is being mentioned somewhere. For instance, if someone has written a blog about your product or has written a review, you will be notified about it.This helps businesses in keeping an eye on negative and positive social mentions. In the case of positive social mentions, businesses can evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing strategies. On the other hand, if something negative is written about your brand, you can effectively tackle the situation by taking measures to ensure that you do not lose any sales because of it.Moreover, busin esses can also track social sentiment of the online users to gain an insight on different demographics of your target audience and what they are saying about your brand. This will enable a business to know about the most satisfied demographics in the target audience and hence will help it to create stronger marketing strategies for groups that are probably not receiving the brand so well.Use Online ToolsThere are online tools available for each channel â€" whether you want to acquire these stats from social media websites such as LinkedIn, Facebook or Twitter or through search engines, you can easily find free and paid online tools. These tools will provide you with in-depth data on social mentions and analytics, which will help you in knowing who to target and which strategies to apply.Google AlertsThrough signing up on Google Alerts, you can make sure that you get notified every time Google indexes a page that contains some information about your brand. This will enable you to kee p an eye on your competitors while receiving all the relevant information.Visitor dataKeeping an eye on returning visitors and monitoring new visitors plays a significant role in measuring brand awareness. Google Analytics is a great way to acquire this data as it helps you to understand the trends your business has gone through over a period of time.PPC AnalyticsPPC Analytics is probably the easiest way to track online brand awareness. It provides you information of the number of people that clicked your ads. This can help a business in calculating the conversion rate as well as knowing how many people are being reached through paid ads.Collect feedbackReview sitesAll businesses must keep an eye on review sites such as CitySearch, reviews on Yahoo and Google, Angie’s List or Yelp. You will find out the number of people that have reviewed your product or service and what they have to say about you. You can use the positive reviews as company testimonials or in promotions and can a lso take measures to resolve any disputes with the ones who have written negatively about your brand.Conferences and trade showsIf your brand takes part in conferences or trade shows, make sure that you have a team, which can collect on-location data regarding your brand from people. The team can ask people whether they have heard about the new product line or collection by your brand or not. This will help you in figuring out where you stand and the measures you need to take to ensure the maximum brand awareness. This data can further help you in devising strategies.Primary researchQuestionnaires, surveys, and polls are a great way to collect information regarding brand awareness. Especially while devising important strategies, such kind of data can play an important role in saving marketing costs.You can ask your prospects or customers about the channel through which they found your brand or whether they are aware of your upcoming product line or not. However, majority of the time s, it is not easy to ensure that the user will attempt the poll, questionnaire, or survey. That is why businesses have to make sure that they design them affectively.Measuring User EngagementMeasuring user engagement on social media networking sites also provides businesses with a clear picture of where their brand stands in terms of awareness. Since social media plays a significant role in assessing the popularity of a brand, you can easily assess user engagement through seeing how active your Facebook or Twitter accounts are. Greater user engagement directly means higher brand awareness. Social media tools such as TweetDeck, Hootsuite, and Social Sprout enable businesses to manage their social media profiles and keep an eye on all the activity that is going on there.[slideshare id=35181021doc=11ideastogrowbrandawarenessslideshare-140527134519-phpapp02]OPTIMIZING BRAND AWARENESSEngagement campaigns should be run for optimizing brand awareness. Businesses should understand that opti mization requires great follow-up and repetition in order to be successful. Through optimizing brand awareness, a business can structure its campaigns on different social media and online channels analyze important data and create any required changes based on the results.Planning the structure of the engagement campaignBusinesses should start with planning the structure of their engagement campaign and the channel they want to utilize. For instance, if a business wants to make use of search engines and Facebook to run an engagement campaign, it should make sure that it clearly defines the objectives it has, such as:Gaining 100, 000 Facebook page likesAttracting 100 new users each day on the brand’s website2.5% conversion rateEvery business will have a different objective, and they need to be clarified in the beginning as it just makes the whole process very smooth. Moreover, target audience should be defined with their demographics such as:US Females 18-25US Males 35-45, etc.This will save the promotional expenditure and will only target the business prospects. Finally, the advert structure should be decided. How will your advert look like? What text will it contain? How will it gain the attention of users?Targeting ConsiderationsThe targeting considerations for engagement campaigns are flexible as businesses make use of a combination of interests, languages, demographics, Geographical data, mobile devices, or partner categories. All you have to do is to acquaint yourself with the categories that your preferred channel provides and select the ones that are closest to your business requirements.Relevance: Relevance is of key importance while targeting audience, as they should be relevant to the kind of content you are posting. If you are unsure of the users, you want to target, try to test different audience segments moderately and then shift budgets based on the results you derive.Fresh ads: Ads should be modified and kept fresh especially if you are testin g different audience groups. Create ads that are compelling to the type of people you are targeting for the best returns.Scalability: The number of target audience should correspond with your budget. For instance, if you are choosing to target only your fans within your city, it can lead to limiting your brand. Moreover, you also cannot target an entire country, as the advert will become irrelevant. As a rule of thumb, 1 million users should be targeted on a promotional budget of 5,000 USD for 5 days of desktop/mobile advertising.Placement ConsiderationsVarious channels will provide you different placement options i.e. where do you want your ads to show. Typically, following are some placement options that most channels provide:Mobile newsfeed: It is probably the most effective method of advertising as the adverts are displayed to mobile users of a given online channel.Desktop newsfeed: This is a good option for flexible and open targeting.Positioning: In Google, sponsored ads that show on the top of the page are more effective as compared to the ones placed on the right-hand-side. Moreover, Facebook also provides right-hand placement of ads, which are effective. However, different versions of the ad should be tested to make sure that it is working well.Bidding ConsiderationsBusiness objectives will decide bid types in engagement campaigns. Both Facebook and Google have different bid types. For instance, on Facebook if you want comments on a particular post, increase user engagement or increase the overall reach of the brand, you can opt for a bid type that charges per impression (CPM). Through this, you will be able to optimize a certain action from users that you are targeting. Similarly, if you are looking for Page Likes, offer claims, or link clicks, you can opt for CPA bid type, which will only charge you once the specified action is performed by the user. There is another bid type on Facebook by the name of CPC, which will charge you if the user interact s with your post.Google AdSense has different bid types to select from:CPC (Cost Per Click) â€" You will decide what you want to pay on receiving each click to your website. The price depends on what are you advertising.CPE (Cost Per Engagement) â€" You will only pay in this type of bidding if the user actively engages with your ad. Under CPE, if you have a lightbox ad (an ad that can be expanded into a larger size), then you will only pay once the user expands your ad and views it for two seconds.CPM (Cost Per 1000 Impressions) â€" You will set a fixed price on each 1000 ads served.Active View CPM â€" You will only pay for 1000 measurable and viewable impressions of your advert.Creating your campaigns and making changesCreate your ad and start A/B testing. This is an important step, as it will tell you which feature of your campaign will generate more conversions for your brands. The ultimate goal of brand awareness is to make sales and hence you must test different versions of you r advertisement to see which one works the best. This will also make sure that you are effectively making use of your advertising budget. You will have to choose demographics such as interests, location, and age to conduct successful testing. Use the testing data to make important changes to your ad for better brand awareness.Follow-upAn active follow-up is crucial in the success of a promotional campaign. If you are facing under-paced delivery, try to expand the size of your target audience or opt for another bid type to make sure that the market-reach increases. You can also increase your bids to make sure that you stay competitive. Similarly, if you find that CPE bids are too high, you should sit back and cut down on the budget of high CPEs. This mostly occurs when too many advertisers are fighting for the same kind of users in a small market. You can also choose to cut down the duration of your adverts.

Essay about Structural Change and Australian Economy

Structural Change and Australian Economy Structural change is the change in the pattern of production in an economy as certain products, processes of production and industries disappear and are replaced by others. The past century has seen the relative decline of agricultural and manufacturing industries, and the rise of services and new technology sectors. Structural change can be caused by a wide range of economic influences including changes in the pattern of consumer demand and technological change. The speed of structural change depends on the ability of an economy or industry to adjust quickly. Peoples natural resistance to change and government regulation often impedes the process of†¦show more content†¦Deregulation of industries has been an important part of the microeconomic reform policies for the Australian economy. For example in the agricultural sector, marketing boards which were often the only buyer and seller of farm output have been dismantled. In the wheat, egg and dairy industries deregulation h as allowed a market economy, free of excessive central control, improve efficiencies and competitiveness by forcing inefficient operators out of the markets and the remaining operators to adopt technological change in order to survive. Deregulation has also been introduced in the financial sector, the transport industry and in the telecommunications industry. In the case of the telecommunications industry which was once dominated by one monopoly provider, telecom (Telstra) the market was opened up to Optus and Vodafone before being opened up to full competition. This competition helped reduce telecommunication costs dramatically, benefiting many other industries and the overall competitiveness of the Australian market. The improvement of competition across the whole economy was the main objective of the governments National Competition Policy. This policy included the Corporatisation and Privatisation of Public Trading Enterprises such as Australia Post and Telstra, competition reform in the professions, the opening up of accessShow MoreRelatedAnalyse the effects of domestic and global free trade and protection policies on the Australian economy1144 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Analyse the effects of domestic and global free trade and protection policies on the Australian economy Free trade is the unrestricted purchase and sale of goods and services between countries without the imposition of protection such as tariffs and quotas. This enables economies to focus on their core competitive advantage(s), thereby maximizing economic output and fostering income growth for their citizens. Australian exports rose from $66.6 billion in 1990-91 to $300.4 billion in 2012-13, with anRead MoreAnalyse the impact of changes in the global economy on Australia’s Balance of Payments. HSC780 Words   |  4 Pagesof Payments is essentially all transactions that Australia has against the worlds trade over a given of time; showing the trade and financial flows in Australia’s Economy. Cyclical and structural factors are the main reasons of this balance position. The greatest ramification on Australia’s Balance of Payments recently has been changes in Australia’s terms of trade. Terms of Trade (which shows the relationship between the prices Australia receives for its exports and prices it pays for its imports)Read MoreInvestigative Report On Labour Market Trends1690 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluenced by changes in the bargaining power. What is Unemployment? The workforce is separated into two sections, the employed and the unemployed. An individual is defined as being employed if they work for one or more hour each week. An individual is defined as unemployed if they are currently available for work, currently searching for work and are unable to find it. As a result of an individual being unemployed, labour resources are not being utilised to their full potential in an economy. NatureRead MoreUnemployment And The Unemployment Rate1368 Words   |  6 Pagesas a rate by separating the quantity of unemployed people by all people right now in the work power. During periods of recession, an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate. Economists distinguish between various overlapping types of and theories of unemployment, including cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and classical unemployment. In Australia, persons over 15 years working at least one hour per week in paid employment areRead MoreAustralia s Support For Free Trade1679 Words   |  7 PagesProtection refers to any action by a government that is designed to give domestic industries an artificial advantage in their competitiveness with foreign imports. Since the 1970s Australia has made policy changes to reduce levels of protection and to promote free trade - in order to stimulate greater industrial efficiency and to lower the prices of imported consumer, intermediate and capital goods. In its entirety, average tariff levels in Australia have continued to drop in recent years – fallingRead MorePros and Cons of an Appreciation in Australian Dollar1682 Words   |  7 PagesPros and Cons of an app reciation in Australian dollar In the recent days, Australian dollar has witnesses a significant appreciation and keeps strong. To put in a simple way, appreciation of Australian dollar, for our ordinary consumer, means we can buy more goods than before using the same amount of money. This is caused by an increase of purchase power of Australian dollar. As for choices of consumers, foreign goods are especially welcomed for the simple reason that they become relatively cheaperRead MoreAustralia s Lack Of International Competitiveness1644 Words   |  7 Pagessectors lose competitiveness. Similarly is can be seen in its narrow export base whereby in 2012-13 one third of export revenue came from coal and iron ore ($96 billion from 300 billion), furthermore 57% of Australian export revenue is made up of mineral and energy exports, whereby Australian growth has been largely fuelled by commodity exports and mining boom. Australia’s lack of international competitiveness as a result of geographical location and small population, as well as the decline of theRead MoreImpact Of Globalisation In Australia1479 Words   |  6 Pagesat the expense of Australian manufacturers and employment. The spread of globalisation, introduced many new elements into the financial markets, determining the value of the nation’s exchange rate. The intention for foreign exchange trading is international financial transfers of funds, involving interest rates, currency, equity and commodity derivatives. Through globalisation, the interest rate differentials continue to determine the level and the direction of the Australian dollar, with an increasingRead MoreAustralia s Current Economic Growth1390 Words   |  6 Pagesprices over a period of time, usually one year. It is measured by the percentage change in the consumer price index (CPI), which encompasses the price of a normal, weighted basket of goods and services purchased by households in the nation. Another economic issue is that of unemployment, which consists of situation where individuals desire to work, but are unable to find a job, and as such, labour resources within the economy are underutilised. A person is classifi ed as unemployed if they are aged 15Read MoreCauses Of Unemployment In Australia1149 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyse the causes of unemployment, its effects on the Australian economy and how they are addressed through use of macroeconomic policies. Unemployment refers to when an individual is actively seeking work and is aged 15 years or over, but is unable to find work (not hired). There are many causes and effects of unemployment that result in different actions being made by the Australian government through their use of both monetary policy as well as fiscal policy. The unemployment rate is calculated

Gender Stereotypes in Think Like a Man - 934 Words

Gender Stereotypes in Think Like a Man Think Like a Man (2012) is an American romantic comedy directed by Tim Story. It is based on Steve Harvey’s book Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man, which was a mega best-seller of 2009 that provides women with insights into the male’s mind and strategies for conquering a man’s heart. As suggested by its title, the movie encourages women to think like a man so that they can learn to control the man. Under the advice from Harvey’s book, four women determine to learn Harvey’s strategies in order to solve the conflicts with their male partners, who are the perfect embodiments of four types of men: The Mamas Boy, The Non-Committer, The Dreamer, and The Player. Though Harvey tries to use his works to empower women with their self-respect, all he does is to teach women to â€Å"lie, cheat, manipulate, beg, borrow and steal to get into a relationship† (Lang). The idea, â€Å"It’s a man’s world,â⠂¬  presented in the opening credit penetrates the whole storyline, in which relationships are depicted as battlefields. The movie only acknowledges females’ sacrifices in the end for a reconciliatory happy ending. This essay argues that Think Like a Man involves tons of gender stereotypes, which convince women that to nag and to trick men is the only way to obtain their respect. In the beginning, the narrator of Think Like a Man blatantly infuses the audience with the idea that â€Å"until you get into the mindset of a man, you will never win with [them] inShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes In Mulan1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthe media portrays is often what is perceived. Instead of using the media to strengthen stereotypes among people, the media should be used to stop stereotyping once and for all. 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Theirs females, males, transgender, agenderRead MoreGender Roles And Gender : A Season Of Madness By Hanan Al Shaykh950 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles And Gender Stereotype Problems in society Gender problems are big problems in society. Although today s gender problems are better than before, it still cannot be resolved completely. There are many kinds of gender problems. For example, gender role, gender identity, gender stereotypes and gender-equal problems. The short story A Season of Madness, by Hanan Al-Shaykh, shows some problems of genders and society. In A Season of Madness, the author tells a story of a Lebanese woman-Read MoreThe Cosby Show, Challenging Gender Ideals1546 Words   |  7 Pageschanged the way we view gender roles on television. Television still perpetuates traditional gender stereotypes and in reflecting them TV reinforces them by presenting them as the norm (Chandler, 1). The Cosby Show, challenged the typical gender stereotyping of television, daring to go against the dominant social values of its time period. In its challenge of the dominant social view, the show redefined the portrayal of male and female roles in television. It redefined the gender role in the work placeRead MoreThe Importance Of Gender Stereotypes1208 Words   |  5 PagesGender stereotypes have been around for hundreds of years, and sometimes it seems like nothing is changing with them. To some, it may feel like instead of improving, they are just worsening. Gender stereotypes, even today, continue to encase both males and females in a false sense of ‘direction’ on how they should look, act, or feel. When girls are raised in households where the father does the same, or more, amount of chores, the National Post writes, they frequently migrate to better careers,Read MoreGender Roles Have Plagued Our Society919 Words   |  4 PagesGender roles have plagued our society for centuries. Women have always been expected to cook, clean, and take care of children, while men provided for the family. In the past few decades these stereotypes have supposedly diminished, and women are now supposed to be equal to men. However, this is not the case. Gender roles, and stereotypes still perpetuate our society today, and create an environment suitable solely for men, while women continue to suffer the consequences of these gender roles societyRead More Gender Roles in The Cosby Show Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesGender Roles in The Cosby Show On September 20, 1984 a show aired that changed the way we view gender roles on television. Television still perpetuates traditional gender stereotypes and in reflecting them TV reinforces them by presenting them as the norm (Chandler, 1). The Cosby Show, challenged the typical gender stereotyping of television, daring to go against the dominant social values of its time period. In its challenge of the dominant social view, the show redefined the portrayal of maleRead MoreThe Importance Of Gender Stereotypes1385 Words   |  6 PagesGender stereotypes are simplifications about the acts of adjectives. Gender roles are usually neither positive or negative. They are generally mistaken generalizations of the male and female aspects. Since each human being has contrasting ambitions, opinions, and spirits, disregarding their gender, these stereotypes are strangely condensed and do not all characterize the properties of every person of both genders. Most people recognize that stereotypes are not true, but a lot still make expectationsRead MoreThe Stereotypes Of Women And Women Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagessurrounded ourselves around the many stereotypes that differentiate men and women. For many generations, we have the belief that women should vocalize their emotions while men should repress them and work it out among themselves. 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Models of Corporate Governance Free Essays

The basis of the model of corporate governance can be identified in their approach to the three dimensions of decision making which are considered as the essence of corporate governance. The decision making is centered round the three basic questions; (a) by whom the decisions are to be made, (b) for whom the decisions are attempted to be made and (c) what are the resources that back up the decision making approaches. The ultimate aim of analyzing the decision making process through these questions is to underpin the agency to whom the accountability is due to be directed[1] This part of the study deals aims to contrast the Islamic corporate governance with the Western approach which is exhibited by at least two models which this paper considers. We will write a custom essay sample on Models of Corporate Governance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Governance Framework in Western Perspective The European system of corporate governance encompasses a socially responsive corporation where the shareholders and others are encouraged to exert influence over policies that are being adopted to the extent that they are not in conformity with a socially responsive attitude. Similarly the board members and managers are not discouraged either to follow their view points so that the decisions make the firm a socially responsive one[2]. However such a direct influence over the functioning of the firm is not provided for in all the market systems. For instance in Germany and other countries like Austria and Switzerland the governance is administered by a two tier board consisting of a ‘supervisory board’ and an ‘executive board’. The executive board represents the top management and the members of the supervisory board is composed of outside professionals and in some cases employee representatives just to oversee and discipline the executive board. Even in the case of ‘managed corporation’ model widely prevalent in the United States directors and managers found it worth to take the advise of the institutional shareholders in the conduct of the business of the firm. When this relationship is further expanded it leads to the formation of a ‘stakeholder model’ of corporate governance which protects the interest of all stakeholders.[3] Managed Corporation Model The model of managed corporation answers the question of ‘by whom’. This model is underlined by large public companies with a dispersed shareholding[4]. Under this model managers occupy the central role with the authority to strategy formulation and setting the policies of the company. While the Board takes the responsible of hiring the managers the managers lead the directors and shareholders. The Board is also given the responsibility to monitor the performance of the mangers appointed and remove them in case of unsatisfactory performance. The shareholders’ role is limited to replace the Board in case of poor performance of the company. Thus the scope of corporate governance under this model is limited to the extent of appointing the right managers and controlling their performance. Socially Responsive Corporation Model This model takes the position to answer the question ‘for whom’. This model presupposes the interest of the shareholders as the foremost principle of corporate governance as laid down by the OECD ‘Principles of Corporate Governance’ [5] Thus the concept of shareholder value has been made the yardstick against which the performance of the management need to be measured. This is the practice in the United States, the UK and several other Anglo-Saxon countries and has also been recognised as a matter of prominence in Europe and Japan too. Under this model the institutions view the firms eligible for potential investment in their securities to have a clear market directive to enhance the returns on the existing capital. [6] Accounting and Corporate Governance The process of identifying, measuring and communicating information for facilitating the user to make meaningful decision is provided by accounting. According to Baydoun and Willet (2000) [7] accounting disclosures in ‘managed corporation model’ is often limited to the extent the individuals that control the resources needs the disclosure. However the fact remains that the corporate governance issues can be addressed and explained by detailed financial statements since these issues are normally concentrated on the agencies having a wider financial stake in the entity. This explains the terms with what resources and to whom the accountability is directed. Islamic Perspective of Corporate Governance The important principles of good corporate governance and the codes of best practice developed during the last decade, imply that directing the companies and controlling them to function according to defined moral standards which are acceptable to the community in general[8]. The principles do not just recognize achieving the economic efficiency or earning maximum profitability as the best practice. According to Mervyn K Lewis (2005)[9] there are two aspects which particularly shape the nature of Islamic corporate governance. The first one is concerned with the Shariah which claims sovereignty over all the aspects of life of any human being. It is so extensive it covers ethical and social issues; and also it talks about civil and criminal jurisdiction. Shariah lays down the principle that every believer of Islam must conform to the basic principles of Islamic Law. Each one of them is expected to observe the ethical standards derived from economic principles irrespective of the status or social position. â€Å"These ethical principles define what is true fair and just, the nature of corporate responsibilities, the priorities to society, along with some specific governance standards† (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005). Secondly, Shariah has also provided some specific Islamic economic and financial principles along with the business ethical standards, which have a larger influence upon the corporate practices and principles. â€Å"Included here are the institution of zak ¥h (the alms tax), the ban on rib ¥ (usury) and the prohibition on speculation, calling for the development of an economic system based on profit and loss sharing† (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005). Dimensions of Decision Making and Islamic Perspective of Corporate Governance The three dimensions of decision making with respect to corporate governance under Islamic perspective is answered in the following way: By Whom According to Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) the question of by whom the decisions are to be made the Holy Quran is providing a correct response by promoting mutual consultations and once decision is taken then there has to be a firm belief that it will do good to everyone concerned. He further adds that when the basic principles of Shurd are followed it requires the leaders to encourage others to take part in the process of decision making. Thus consultation is made the key word by Shariah and this implies that â€Å"An employee would be expected to contribute his or her knowledge to the formulation and implementation of the organizational vision, and consultative procedures should be applied to all those affected, i.e. shareholders, suppliers, customers, workers and the community† [10] For Whom Under Islamic perspective of decision making process there is the clear answer to the question as to for whom the decisions are attempted to be made. The answer is that the ultimate end of any business and economic activity that involve the human beings are to be considered as being done to the grace of Allah and the ways and means employed to accomplish the activities should never deviate from the law of Islam as quoted by Shariah in any way (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005). With Whom and to Whom Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) points out that the third requirement for ensuring corporate governance principles in an Islamic perspective involves the process by which an effective religious supervision is undertaken. The objective of this supervision is to ensure that the operations, contracts, and procedures of the enterprise are in conformity with the Islamic code. Algaoud and Lewis (1999)[11] observe that the process covering the religious supervision is explicitly illustrated in the case of Islamic Financial Institutions. In addition the religious auditors provide a comprehensive report on the adherence of the Islamic principles across the full spectrum of the business activities. The religious audit helps to improve the functioning of any corporation towards achieving the Islamic principles by undertaking the following distinct functions: (1)  Ã‚   the religious auditor advises the Board and the top management about the acceptability of the transactions and the contracts proposed to be entered by the firm and also on the development of new products (2)  Ã‚   the second function of the religious auditor is to make a comprehensive report to the shareholders as to the compliance by the management the Islamic principles in the running of the organization and (3)  Ã‚   the audit of the creation of Zakah fund to ensure that the fund is created after a proper assessment of the amount to be contributed and the administration and distribution of the funds are carried out as per the Islamic principles (Mervyn K. Lewis, 2005) Points of Distinction Hanifa and Hudaib (2003) [12] identify the following difficulties that the Islamic perspective of corporate governance face while adopting the best corporate governance practices. (1)  Ã‚   Under the Western approach to the corporate governance the business morality is primarily based on ‘secular humanist’ values governing the ethical foundations of the business while the Islamic perspective of corporate governance follows the principles laid down by shariah as the guiding force (2)  Ã‚   The basic beliefs and values in the Western corporate culture predominantly considers the self interest and even with some modifications there may not be the case that the larger interest of the society will be considered. This is totally against the Islamic principles (3)  Ã‚   Thirdly the Western model of corporate governance is based on agency theory and there is no place for stewardship theory.[13]The basic difference lies in the actors who are agents with a self interested opportunistic approach who can not be motivated to be stewards to act in the best interest of the principals. In the case of Islamic perspective of corporate governance there is no place for self interest of the agents, [1] Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) ‘Islamic Corporate Governance’ International Association for Islamic Economic Review of Islamic Economics Vol. 9 No 1 pp 5 – 29 [2] Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) ‘Islamic Corporate Governance’ International Association for Islamic Economic Review of Islamic Economics Vol. 9 No 1 pp 5 – 29 [3] Lannoo, K. (1995). Corporate Governance in Europe. CEPS Working Party Report No 12. Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies. [4]Pound, J. (1995). Ã’The Promise of the Governed CorporationÓ, Harvard Business Review, March-April, reprinted in Corporate Governance (2000), Harvard: Harvard Business School Press. [5] OECD (1999). OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. Paris: OECD. [6] Lewis, M.K. (2003b). Ã’Globalisation and Corporate GovernanceÓ in M. Shanahan and G. Treuren (eds.), Globalisation: Australian Regional Perspectives. Adelaide:Wakefield Press. [7] Baydoun, N. and Willett, R. (2000). Ã’Islamic Corporate ReportsÓ, ABACUS, 36(1), pp. 71-89. [8] Gooden, S. (2001). Ã’Participation of Stakeholders in the Corporate Governance of Islamic Financial InstitutionsÓ, New Horizon, 114, November, pp.12-15. [9]Mervyn K. Lewis (2005) ‘Islamic Corporate Governance’ International Association for Islamic Economic Review of Islamic Economics Vol. 9 No 1 pp 5 – 29 [10] Baydoun, N.; Mamman, A. and Mohmaud, A. (1999). Ã’The Religious Context of Management Practices: The Case of the Islamic ReligionÓ, Accounting, Commerce Finance: The Islamic Perspective Journal, 3(1 2), pp. 52-79. [11] Algaoud, L. M. and Lewis, M. K. (1999). Ã’Corporate Governance in Islamic Banking: The Case of BahrainÓ, International Journal of Business Studies, 7(1),pp.56-86. [12] Haniffa, R. and Hudaib, M. A. (2002). Ã’A Theoretical Framework for the Development of the Islamic Perspective of AccountingÓ, Accounting, Commerce Finance: The Islamic Perspective Journal, 6 (12), pp. 1-74. [13] Davis, J. H.; Schoorman, F. D. and Donaldson, L. (1997). Ã’Towards a Stewardship Theory of ManagementÓ, Academy of Management Review, 22(1), pp. 20-47. How to cite Models of Corporate Governance, Essay examples

Clinical Social Work Essay Example For Students

Clinical Social Work Essay Choosing a career is a very important aspect to peoples lives. One goes to college, usually around the age of eighteen, and by the time they leave they are expected to have decided on the career that they will have for the rest of their lives. Being a psychology and interpersonal communication major, I have always had an interest on relationships between individuals given certain stimuli presented to them. I want to have the ability to touch peoples lives by helping them understand themselves and why they behave the way in which they behave. Relationships are such an important aspect to the process of human growth, and they impact each and every one of us. Due to this assessment of myself, I have decided to go to Western Michigan University to pursue my goals of being a Clinical Social Work Essayer. Becoming a social worker is dependent on numerous factors, one of which being education. A bachelors degree in social work (BSW) degree is the most common minimum requirement to qualify for a job as a social worker, however, majors in psychology, sociology, and related fields may be sufficient to qualify for some entry-level job (Chao Orr, 162). Many people when pursuing the goals of being a social worker, however, are most interested in jobs in public agencies and/or having their own practices. A masters degree in social work (MSW) is necessary for positions in health and mental health settings and typically is required for certification for clinical work (Chao Orr, 162). Ones level of school is not the only thing employers are focusing on when looking to hire social workers. Along with ones education, a social worker must have a broad liberal arts base which includes a knowledge of the social sciences (sociology, psychology, anthropology, history, political science, and economics) to provide explanations about the nature of human society and the human condition (Johnson, 48). There are many more skills that are just as essential, if not more beneficial, to the employer as well as client. Social workers must be very goal oriented with high leadership abilities. Being a leader in a multidisciplinary therapy industry requires clinical social workers to use networking skills so that each clinical social worker is well connected in the community (Roberts and Greene, 7). Employers want people who are able to stand up to the demands of the public and to be able to make themselves known in the community, and these leadership qualities enables them to gain the trust of the society around them. One must also be able to adapt themselves to their public. Social workers have a comprehensive knowledge of community resources and are able to tap them to meet the needs of their clients (Skidmore, Thackeray Farley, 8). Becoming a social worker does not mean that you work with just one type of person with just one type of disability. Some communities need more practitioners with expertise in working with small children or with clients diagnosed with both mental disorders and developmental disabilities. Clinical social workers should target those areas and develop effective practices and directly market themselves in experts in these areas (Roberts and Greene, 7). It is very important to be able to utilize the community resources to help solve problems. According to Holly Hill Childrens Services in Cincinnati, Ohio, (2002) one must be flexible and capable of setting firm limits and boundaries. ..must be able to function in a leadership capacity while working as part of a team. Being team oriented is also a very crucial aspect into being an effective social worker. It is important to be able to ask co-workers for guidance, because as earlier noted, people are different so some problems that clients face may be more vague to you, but necessarily not to everyone in your field. An organization in San Diego, California (2002) states that to get hired into their program one must be able to work cooperatively with multidisciplinary team. .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 , .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .postImageUrl , .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 , .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4:hover , .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4:visited , .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4:active { border:0!important; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4:active , .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4 .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f18f88153b2e1f1de5ba2059858b9b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DAVE MATTHEWS BAND VIDEO COMPILATION Essay Being team oriented also involves many other credentials in being a worker in this field. Social workers should be emotionally mature, objective, and sensitive to people and their problems. They must be able to handle responsibility, work independently, and maintain good working .